tshenar [at] tau.ac.il
tomer.shenar [at] gmail.com
תומר שנהר
TOMER SHENAR
A European Southern Observatory (ESO) Large Programme:
Monitoring of ~1000 massive stars in the low-metallicity conditions of the Small Magellanic Cloud
P: Shenar; dPI: Bodensteiner
BLOeM in a nutshell:
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Sample? 929 massive stars in the SMC
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Instrument? FLAMES/Very Large Telescope
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Total time? 116 hours
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Baseline? 2 years
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Number of visits? 25
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Resolving power? ~7000
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Spectral range? 395-456 nm
Objectives, at low metallicity:
Initial binary fraction
Mass ratio distribution
Period, eccentricity distributions
Initial mass function
Hunt for black holes
Identify post-interaction binaries
Benchmark abundance pattern
The BLOeM sample, marked on a Gaia color-magnitude diagram of the Small Magellanic Cloud.
The sample targets massive stars (M > 8Msun) of all types, excluding red supergiants. Completeness with respect to the Gaia catalogue is shown in the left panel. Adapted from Shenar et al. 2024
Hertzsprung-Russell diagram of the BLOeM sample, constructed from derived spectral types. Adapted from Shenar et al. 2024
BLOeM publications
1. Binarity at LOw Metallicity (BLOeM): A spectroscopic VLT monitoring survey of massive stars in the SMC
Shenar, Bodensteiner et al. 2024, A&A, 690, 289
Survey description and spectral classification of the sample
2. A high fraction of close massive binary stars at low metallicity
Sana, Shenar, Bodensteiner et al. 2025, Nature Astronomy, , 9, 1337
9-epoch multiplicity analysis of the O-type stars
3. Binarity at LOw Metallicity (BLOeM): Multiplicity properties of Oe and Be stars
Bodensteiner et al. 2025, A&A, 698, 38
9-epoch multiplicity analysis of the OBe stars
4. Binarity at LOw Metallicity (BLOeM): The multiplicity properties of BAF-type supergiants
Patrick et al. 2025, A&A, 698, 39
9-epoch multiplicity analysis of the BAF supergiants
5. Binarity at LOw Metallicity (BLOeM): multiplicity of early B-type supergiants in the SMC
Britavskiy et al. 2025, A&A, 698, 40
9-epoch multiplicity analysis of the B-type supergiants
6. Binarity at LOw Metallicity (BLOeM): Enhanced multiplicity in early B-type dwarfs and giants at Z=0.2 Zsun
Villaseñor et al. 2025, A&A, 698, 41
9-epoch multiplicity analysis of the B-type dwarfs and giants
7. Binarity at LOw Metallicity (BLOeM): pipeline-determined physical properties of OB stars
Bestenlehner et al. 2025, MNRAS, 540, 3523
Spectroscopic pipeline analysis of the bulk of BLOeM targets
8. Binarity at LOw Metallicity (BLOeM): Bayesian inference of natal kicks from inert black hole binaries
Willcox et al. 2025, A&A, 700, 59
A tool for the inference of natal kicks for binaries hosting compact objects
9. Binarity at LOw Metallicity (BLOeM): Projected rotational velocities
Lennon et al. 2026, A&A, 707, 204
Derivation of the rotational velocities of the BLOeM sample